ஆண்டுகள்,அயனங்கள்,ருதுக்கள்.
jkpo; Mz;Lfs; nkhj;jk; 60 MFk;. jkpo;
Mz;ilj;jtpu kw;w Mz;LfSf;F ngau; fpilahJ. jkpo; Mz;Lfspd; ngau;fs; KotJkhf
midj;Jg; gQ;rhq;fq;fspYk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy;>;;khztu;fs; mtw;iwg;gbj;J
mwpe;J nfhs;sTk;. kw;w Mz;Lfs; vz;fshy; kl;LNk Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. ;;
nrsukhd Mz;L.
#upa khjq;fs; my;yJ nrsukhd khjq;fs;.:
uhrp kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s 12 uhrpfspy;.
xU uhrpiaf; flf;f #upad; vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; fhyNk 1 #upa khjkhFk;. xU uhrpapdpd;W
#upad; mLj;j uhrpf;Fs; EioAk; fhyk; rq;fuhe;jp vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 12 uhrpfisf;
flf;f #upad; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ehl;fs; 365 ¼ ehl;fs; MFk;.
,JNt 1 nrsukhd Mz;lhFk;.
re;jpukhd Mz;L.
re;jpud; xU khjj;jpw;F xUKiw G+kpiar;
Rw;WfpwJ. MapDk;> G+kpapd; ,r; Rw;whdJ khWjpirapy; Rw;WtJNghy;
fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ. G+kpiar; Rw;wptUk; re;jpudpd; xU Rw;whdJ xU re;jpukhd khjj;ij
cUthf;FfpwJ. mkhthirapy; Muk;gkhFk; nrsukhd khjj;ijg; NghyNt re;jpukhd
khjq;fSk; mNj ngaiug; ngWfpd;wd. nghJthf xU nrsukhd khjk; 30 Kjy; 31 ehl;fis
msthff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; re;jpukhd ehl;fs; 29.5 ehl;fs; msT kl;LNk cs;sJ. 12
re;jpukhd khjq;;fs; nfhz;lJ 1 re;jpukhd Mz;lhFk;.;
rhtdkhd Mz;L :
xU ehspd; #upa cjak; Kjy; mLj;jehs; #upa
cjak; tiu cs;s fhyNk xUehshff; fzf;fplg;gl;L Mz;Lf;F 360 ehl;fisf; nfhz;lNj
rhtkhd Mz;L vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
madq;fs; :
madk; vd;why; top my;yJ ghij vd;gJ
nghUshFk;. kfuj;jpypUe;J kpJdk; tiuahd 6 khjq;fs; cj;jpuhaz Gz;a fhykhFk;. ,J
tlGw rha;nthL> njw;fpypUe;J tlf;fhf gazpf;Fk; #upaghijahFk;;. Fspu;fhyj;
njhlf;fKk; MFk;.;. flfk; Kjy; jDR khjk; ;tiuapyhd 6 khjq;fs; jl;rpzhapd Gz;zpafhykhff;
Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.; ,J njw;F Gwkhf mire;J tlf;fpypUe;J njw;F Nehf;fp gazpf;Fk;
#upaghijahFk;;. ,J Nfhil fhyj; njhlf;f khFk;.
UJf;fs; :
gUtfhyf; fzf;fPLfs; - 6 gpupTfisf; nfhz;l
epuhad #upa khjq;fshy; Vw;gLfpwJ. tre;jUJ>fpuP\;k>tu;\>ruj;>N`ke;j;j
kw;Wk; rprpu UJf;fs; MFk;.
madk;
|
gUtfhyk; (UJf;fs;)
|
gUtfhymjp gjp
|
#upauhrpfs;
|
mjpgjpfs;
|
|
Fspu;fhyk;
(jl;rpzhazk;);
|
tu;\UJ
|
kiof;fhyk;
|
re;jpud;
|
flfk;(Mb)
rpk;kk;; (Mtzp)
|
re;jpud;
#upad;;
|
ruj;UJ
|
,iyAjpu;fhyk;
|
Gjd;
|
fd;dp>(Gul;)
Jyhk;(Ig;)
|
Gjd;
|
|
N`ke;j UJ
|
Fspu;fhyk;
(Kd;gdpf;fhyk;)
|
FU
|
tpUr;rpfk;
(fhu;j;jpif)
jDR(khu;fop)
|
nrt;tha;
FU;
|
|
Nfhilf;fhyk;
(cj;uhazk;)
|
rprpuUJ
|
Fspu;fhyk;
(gpd; gdpf;fhyk;)
|
rdp
|
kfuk;(ij)
Fk;gk;;(khrp)
|
rdp
rdp
|
tre;jUJ
|
,sNtdpw;fhyk;
|
Rf;fpud;
|
kPdk;>(gq;)
Nk\k;(rpj;)
|
FU
nrt;tha;
|
|
fpuP\;kUJ
|
Nfhilf;fhyk;
(KJNtdpw;;fhyk;)
|
nrt;tha;
#upad;;
|
up\gk;
(itfhrp)
kpJdk;.;(Mdp
|
Rf;fpud;;
Gjd;;.
|
|
; re;jpudpd; jPu;f;f
Nuif --- #upadpd; jPu;f;fNuif
jpjpiaf;fhz
#j;jpuk; : jpjp = -----------------------------------------------------
12
; re;jpudpd;
jPu;f;f Nuif --- #upadpd; jPu;f;fNuif
fuzj;ijf;fhz
#j;jpuk; : fuzk; =
--------------------------------------------------------
6
fypAfhjp Kjy; ,ju Mz;Lfs; :
fypAfk; Njhd;wpa ehs; Kjy; fypAfhjp Mz;L
Muk;gkhfpwJ. ,J jkpohz;lhd rpj;jpiu Kjy;ehs; Kjy; Muk;gkhFk;. fypAfk; nkhj;jk;
4>32>000 Mz;LfshFk;.
rhypthfd rfhg;jk;:
,e;j tUlkhdJ khu;r; khjk; 22 k; Njjp Kjy;
Muk;gkhFk;. yPg; tUlj;jpy; khu;r; 21 Kjy; njhlq;Fk;. ,JNt rf tUlKkhFk;.
Mq;fpy Mz;L : [dtup 1 Kjy; njhlq;Fk;
f;upNfhupad; Mz;L vd miof;fg;gLk; Mq;fpy Mz;lhFk;. cyfk; KOtJkhf
filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L tUk; Mz;L ,JNtahk;.
`p[;up Mz;L : ,];yhkpau;fs; filg;gpbf;Fk;
Mz;L. KfkJegp nkf;fhtpypUe;J nkjpdhTf;Fr; nrd;w ehs; Kjy; fzf;fplg;gLk; Mz;L
MFk;. ,J nghJthf khu;fop my;yJ ij khjq;fspy; tUk; mkhthirf;F %d;whtJ ehs;
Jtq;Fk;. ,e;j Mz;bd; Kjy; ehNs nkhfuk; gz;bifahff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ,jd;
nkhj;j ehl;fs; 354 kw;Wk; Kf;fhy; ehl;fshFk;. 12 khjg; ngau;fs; fPNo:
1. nkhfuk; 5. [khj;Jy; mt;ty; 9. uk;[hd;.
2. rgu; 6. [khj;Jy; MfPu; 10.\t;ty;
3. ugpA+yhty; 7.
u[g; 11. Jy;fhapjh
4. ugpAy; MfPu;; 8.
\hghd; 12.Jy;f[;.
g]yp
Mz;L : tl ,e;jpahtpy; mD\;bf;fg;gLk; Mz;L. ,ij cUthf;fpatu;fs; nkhfyha
muru;fNsahtu;. ,J xt;nthU Mz;Lk; [{iy 1 Kjy; Muk;gkhFk;. epyk; njhlu;ghd
;tUtha;Jiwapdupd; midj;J tuptptfhuq;fSk; g]ypahz;il xl;bNa fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
nfhy;ykhz;L : Nfushtpy; fp.gp. 854 k; Mz;L
Kjy; ,e;j Mz;L fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. #upad; rpk;kuhrpapw; gpuNtrpf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j
Mz;L njhlq;FfpwJ. rpk;kkhjk; Kjy; flf khjk;tiu 12 khjq;fs; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.
njYq;F tUlk; : gq;Fdp khjj;jpy; tUfpd;w
mkhthirf;F kWehs; ,e;j tUlk; Muk;gkhfpd;wJ. Me;jpuh>fu;ehlfh>kfhuh\;buh
Mfpa khepyq;fspy; tof;fj;jpy; cs;sJ. Rf;fpy gl;r gpujik Kjy; mkhthir tiu xU
khjkhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.;
பஞ்சபட்சி
xUtu; xU nray; nra;Ak; NghJ mr; nray;
jkf;F rhjfkhf mika Ntz;Lnkdpy; mjw;F mD$ykhd Neuj;ijj; Nju;njLj;Jr; nra;jhy;
ntw;wpfukhf mikAk;. ;;mjw;F “fhf G[z;lu”; vDk; rpj;ju;
ngUkfdhu; ,e;j gQ;rgl;rp rh];jpuj;ij cyFf;F mspj;jhu;. njhopy; rpwf;fTk;>fhupa
ntw;wpailaTk;>tof;F ntw;wp>fld; nfhLf;f>ngw>Gjpa Ntiyapy; Nru vd
gQ;rgl;rp %ykhf rupahd ey;yNeuj;ij fzpj;J tho;f;ifapy; ntw;wpiaj;jOtyhk;.
gQ;rgl;rp vdg;gLk; -ty;Y}W>Me;ij>fhf;if>Nfhop kw;Wk; kapy;
Mfpatw;Wf;F jpdrupj; njhopy;fs; -- 1. Cz; 2. eil 3.muR 4.J}f;fk; 5.rhT MFk;.
,itfspd; ehopiffs; Cz; -- 1 ehopif -30 tpdhbfs;> eil—1 ehopif – 15 tpdhbfs;>
muR – 2 ehopif>
J}f;fk; -- 0 ehopif – 45 tpdhbfs;> rhT – 0 ehopif – 30 tpdhbfs;.
thu gQ;rgl;rp
|
gl;rp
|
vOj;J
|
gif gl;rp
|
QhapW>nrt;tha;
|
ty;Y}W
|
m -- M
|
Me;ij
|
jpq;fs;>Gjd;;
|
Me;ij
|
, -- <
|
fhfk;
|
tpahod;
|
fhf;if
|
c -- C
|
Nfhop
|
nts;sp
|
Nfhop
|
V – V>I
|
kapy;
|
rdp
|
kapy;
|
X – X>xs
|
ty;Y}W
|
;
gpwe;j el;rj;jpuk; el;rj;jpu gl;rp
mRtdp>guzp>fhu;j;jpif>Nuhfpzp>kpUfrPuplk;. ------------; ty;Y}W.
jpUthjpiu>Gdu;G+rk;>G+rk;>Mapyak;>kfk;>G+uk.; ------------; Me;ij
cj;jpuk;>`];jk;>rpj;jpiu>Rthjp>tprhfk;. -----------; fhfk;;
mD\k;>Nfl;il>%yk;>G+uhlk;>cj;jpuhlk;;. --------- Nfhop
jpUNthzk;>mtpl;lk;>rjak;>G+ul;lhjp>cj;jpul;lhjp>Nutjp
--- kapy;.
jd;Dila
gl;rp cz;b vdg;gLk; Cz; kw;Wk; muR Mfpa gzpfis nra;Ak; ;fhyj;jpy; ew;fhupaq;fs;
nra;tJ eyk;jUk;. eilapy; kj;jpk gyDk;>Japy; kw;Wk; rhtpy; Nenujpuhd gyd;fNs
mikAk;.
jd;Dila
gl;rp>gLgl;rp vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l
fpoikapy; ve;jr; nraiyAk; nra;jy; MfhJ.
gLgl;rpfs; :
fpoik tsu;gpiw Nja;gpiw
QhapW Me;ij; fhfk;;
jpq;fs; fhfk; Me;ij
nrt;tha; Nfhop ty;Y}W
Gjd; kapy; kapy;
tpahod; ty;Y}W Nfhop
nts;sp Me;ij kapy;;
rdp ty;Y}W Nfhop;;
EIADFGHKL:”
thf;fpak; kw;Wk; jpUf;fzpj
gQ;rhq;fk; vd;why; vd;d ?
Ntjq;fis mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L>fpufepiyfs; cs;s gQ;rhq;fNk thf;fpag; gQ;rhq;fkhFk;. Rkhu; Kd;D}W
Mz;LfSf;F Kd; thdpay; epGzu;fSk;>N[hjpl mwpQu;fSk;>Ntj rh];jpuq;fspy;
mDkhdkhf fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fpuf epiyfspy;> eilKiwapy; rpy FiwghLfs; ,Ug;gjhf
czu;e;jdu;. mjd; fhuzkhf mtu;fshy; jpUj;jg;gl;l etPd gQ;rhq;fNk jpUf;fzpj
gQ;rhq;fkhFk;.
thdpay; uPjpahf> ghuk;gupa Kiwia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>khWgl;l tUlq;fSf;Ff;fhd fpuf epiyfis nfhz;ljhf thf;fpag;
gQ;rhq;fk; mike;Js;sJ. vdpDk; tf;fpufjpailAk; tre;jfhy rkfhyg; Gs;spfs; vDk;
jj;JtKiwg;gb>etPd thdpay; Ma;Tfs; %ykhf fhzg;gLk;>cz;ikahd
fpufepiyfSf;Fk;>thf;fpa Kiwf;Fk; fz;bg;ghf rpy NtWghLfs; cs;sd.
jw;NghJ> mNef fw;wwpe;j N[hjplu;fs;
rpj;jpu gl;r madhk;r Kiwapy; fzf;fplg;gLk; jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;ijNa
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. gy madhk;r Kiwfs; cs;sjhy; ,jpYk; mwpQu;fspilNa vJ rupahd
madhk;rk; vd khWgl;l fUj;Jf;fs; epyTfpd;wd. MapDk; ngUk;ghyhd N[hjplu;fspilNa
rpj;ugl;r madhk;rNk rpwe;jnjd;w fUj;J epyTfpwJ. ,e;jpa thdpaw;JiwAk;> rpj;ugl;r
madhk;rj;ijf; nfhz;l gQ;rhq;fj;ij ntspapLfpwJ.
jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;jpy;>fpufepiyfs;
kpfj; Jy;ypakhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. vdNt jw;NghJ gyu; [hjfk;
fzpg;gjw;F jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fj;ijNa cgNahfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. jpUkz nghUj;jk;
ghu;f;Fk; NghJ tJ>tudpd; [hjfq;fis xNu fzpj Kiwapy; [hjfk; fzpj;Nj xg;gPL
nra;aNtz;Lk;. khk;goj;ij khk;goj;NjhLjhd xg;gpl Ntz;LNkad;wp> Mg;gpNshL
my;y. ;;
thf;fpag; gQ;rhq;fKk;>jpUf;fzpj
gQ;rhq;fKk; xd;wy;y. gz;ila N[hjpl jPu;f;f juprpfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lNj thf;fpag;
gQ;rhq;fkhFk;. jw;fhy tpQ;Qhd mwpQu;fshy;; jpUj;jpaikf;fg;gl;l gQrhq;fNk
jpUf;fzpj gQ;rhq;fk; vd ehk; czuNtz;Lk;.
Ntjfhyk; Kjy;
fhyj;ijf; fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs; :
4 epkplq;fs; 1
mR.
6×4
24 mRf;fs; 1 tpehopifahFk;
60 tpehopif 1
ehopif (24 epkplk;)
60 ehopif 24
kzp NeukhFk;.
15 ehs; 1
gl;rk; (Rf;fpy gl;rk;>fpU\;z gl;rk;)
2 gl;rq;fs; 1
khjk;.
2 khjq;fs; 1
UJ.
6 khjq;fs; 1
madk;
2 madq;fs; 1
tUlk; (cj;jpuhazk;>jl;rpzhazk;)
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